Increased Prolactin Levels
Prolactin, commonly known as the milk hormone, is a protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland in the brain. This hormone plays a crucial role in stimulating milk production in both men and women, albeit at varying levels. In women, prolactin is particularly significant during pregnancy, as it aids in breast milk production by activating the mammary glands. Even after childbirth, while the levels of prolactin in the bloodstream may diminish, milk production in the breasts continues, supporting ongoing breastfeeding.
Causes of Elevated Prolactin Levels
Prolactin is present in both men and women, and an increase in its levels affects individuals regardless of gender. Several factors can contribute to elevated prolactin levels:
- Tumors in the pituitary gland or conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can lead to increased prolactin production.
- Various medications, including those used for epilepsy and depression, as well as anti-nausea drugs, can significantly elevate prolactin levels.
- Psychological factors such as stress, anxiety, and mood swings can contribute to elevated levels of this hormone due to persistent emotional strain.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding are among the most common causes of increased prolactin levels.
- Excessive consumption of certain herbs, such as fenugreek and anise, can stimulate and raise prolactin production.
- Chronic illnesses affecting the body’s systems, such as kidney disease and liver cirrhosis, can also result in elevated prolactin levels.
- Drug use, especially illicit substances, may lead to notably high levels of prolactin in users.
- Frequent breast examinations that involve manipulation can stimulate the hormone, resulting in increased levels.
- Dopamine, a hormone that inhibits prolactin production, plays a crucial role; a deficiency in dopamine can lead to higher prolactin levels.
Symptoms of Elevated Prolactin Levels
Common symptoms of high prolactin levels in women include:
- A sensation of heaviness and discomfort in the breasts.
- Milk production in nursing mothers, even when not breastfeeding.
- Irregular menstrual cycles, which can delay conception; if left untreated, high prolactin can lead to infertility.
- A decrease in sexual desire, resulting in low libido.
- Negative effects on mental health, including symptoms of depression and mood fluctuations.
- Visual disturbances or blurred vision at times.
- Dryness in the vaginal area due to hormonal changes affecting the reproductive system.