Causes of Skin Darkening
Hormonal Changes During Pregnancy
This condition, commonly referred to as pregnancy mask or melasma, typically manifests in various areas, particularly on the face and abdomen. It is primarily attributed to the hormonal fluctuations experienced by pregnant women. Additionally, hormonal imbalances resulting from conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, and adrenal gland disorders can also lead to skin darkening. It is noteworthy that pigmentation, especially in the form of melasma, tends to affect women more than men, largely due to its connection with hormonal changes. Women undergoing hormone replacement therapy or using oral contraceptives may be at an increased risk of developing this condition.
Sunspots
Sunspots, or solar lentigines, are linked to excessive sun exposure. Darkening of the skin in this context is characterized by hyperpigmentation primarily in sun-exposed areas such as the face and hands. Prolonged sun exposure stimulates increased melanin production, leading to this darkening effect.
Skin Inflammation and Elevated Melanin Production
Skin darkening can also occur as a result of inflammation. Inflammatory skin conditions can trigger an increase in melanin production, the pigment responsible for skin color. Various factors can contribute to this heightened production of melanin.
Medication Use
Certain medications may lead to skin darkening due to their potential to cause hyperpigmentation. For instance, chemotherapy agents are known to result in skin darkening as a side effect, as reported by the University of Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center. Additionally, high doses of niacin supplements can contribute to skin darkening. Other medications such as oral contraceptives, prednisone, and corticosteroids are also associated with this condition. Furthermore, drugs that increase skin sensitivity to sunlight can elevate the risk of developing melasma. Certain cosmetic products as well as medications used for thyroid issues or to treat polycystic ovary syndrome may also play a role.
Medical Conditions
Various medical conditions can result in skin darkening, including endocrine disorders and Addison’s disease, which disrupt hormone levels and increase melanin production. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes can also lead to a condition referred to as insulin resistance-related hyperpigmentation. Additionally, certain cancers, such as lymphoma, can cause darkening as tumors develop in internal organs like the liver, stomach, or colon.