Arabic Musical Instruments
The Arabic musical ensemble comprises various instruments, including melodic and rhythmic types. Below is a detailed overview of these instruments:
Oud
The oud is defined as an essential string instrument with roots in the Middle Ages. Its shape resembles that of a pear and features multiple strings. Often referred to as the “king of musical instruments,” its name derives from the type of wood from which it is made.
The oud consists of 11 strings, with 10 of them paired together and one string standing alone. Additionally, it features between one and three sound holes, which can be either oval or circular, aimed at amplifying sound. The instrument’s body has a curved back similar to a vessel.
Qanun
The qanun is recognized as a Middle Eastern string instrument with an extensive history, tracing its origins back to ancient Egyptian lutes. It is associated with the rebab and bears a resemblance to the guitar but has a more significant number of strings, totaling 78. It can be played using the fingers or a metallic fingerpicking device.
Nay
The nay is an Arabic flute known for its clear sound that adds warmth and distinctive melody to music. Interestingly, some variations are crafted from precious stones, gold, and silver, while in prehistoric times, it was made from animal bones. Its popularity surged during the 16th century Renaissance and continued to thrive until the mid-18th century.
Violin
The violin is a string instrument that saw significant development during the Renaissance and the Middle Ages. It is played by resting it between the chin and shoulder, holding the bow with the right hand, and manipulating the strings with the left hand to create desired tones.
Doumbek
The doumbek, also known as tabla, is a percussion instrument that produces music when struck with the right hand. It typically consists of a single-headed drum with a cylindrical shape, commonly made from wood, measuring approximately 25 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter. The name of this instrument is derived from the Arabic word for drum. Its sound originates from the tension of the membrane stretched across the top, and it is versatile enough to be used in various musical styles, including classical, traditional, and folk music.