Prehistoric Times
The prehistoric era spans approximately five million years of human existence on Earth, continuing until the advent of writing. Notably, the northern region of Africa, particularly Algeria, is rich in prehistoric human artifacts. This abundance is likely due to its proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, where ancient humans tended to settle near bodies of water such as seas and rivers.
Geological Layers
Prehistoric artifacts have been discovered within the geological layers of both riverine and marine terraces in Algeria. These findings are primarily located in burial sites and caves containing tools utilized by ancient humans. Artifacts include various stone axes, remnants of stone fragments, and elongated stone knives that were crafted and sharpened by early humans, the majority of which date back to around six hundred years before Christ.
Prehistoric Sites in Algeria
Burial Sites and Caves:
- The prehistoric burial sites are among the most significant remnants of ancient human activity in Algeria.
- Many of these burial sites can be found at the summit of Mount Messid, a location known as the Necropolis.
- Subsequently discovered graves are located in the Bear Cave, which spans approximately sixty meters, situated in the northern region of Constantine.
- Burials have also been identified in the vicinity of Bekira.
- The Ory Cave, located near the Bear Cave, measures around six meters and these two caves are among the most crucial prehistoric archaeological sites.
- Graves can be found in the Khroub area, specifically at a site known as the Khlaouat of Sidi Bou Hajar Qashqash.
- Additional burials are present at Kaff Tasnigha in Benouara.
- The megalithic burial site in Benouara is located thirty-two kilometers from Constantine city, on the southwestern slopes of Mount Mezala. This site, known as the dolmens, features several vertically arranged limestone slabs, typically consisting of no more than four blocks that form a triangular chamber. These dolmens are often encircled by rocks arranged in a circle, which can appear in two or more concentric circles. In ancient times, individuals were interred within this fortified structure, though many have suffered deterioration or even complete disappearance.
- The tomb of Massinissa and the tomb at Khroub, situated sixteen kilometers southeast of Constantine, are both characterized by a square tower designed with terraces made of stone arranged in three rows.
- The Bessnass and Dolmen graves are among the most renowned burial sites reflecting prehistoric times in Algeria, with a few additional monuments found in Bongoji and Kerkira.