Names of the Mamluk Sultans

Who Were the Mamluks?

The Mamluks were a group of enslaved individuals brought to the Arab regions, including areas such as Greater Syria, Iraq, and Egypt, by the Ayyubids, hailing primarily from the Caucasus mountains and Turkic lands. Following the death of Saladin, the Ayyubid state experienced significant decline, fueled by internal conflicts among its princes. Capitalizing on this turmoil, many of the Mamluks, who had distinguished themselves in the military and risen to high ranks, staged a coup against the Ayyubid rulers and took control of substantial parts of the empire. Their rule extended over Iraq, Syria, and Egypt for approximately two and a half centuries, from 1250 AD to 1517 AD.

Mamluk Sultans

During their reign, the Mamluks were divided into two primary dynasties: the Bahri dynasty and the Circassian dynasty. A total of around 51 sultans from both dynasties governed successively, as follows:

Bahri Dynasty

The Bahri Mamluks had a total of 25 sultans, including:

• Shajarat al-Durr.
• Nur al-Din Ali ibn Aybak, also known as Al-Mansur.
• Sayf al-Din Qutuz, dubbed Al-Muẓaffar.
• Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Bunduqdar.
• Nasir al-Din Muhammad Baraka Khan ibn Baybars, known as Al-Said.
• Badr al-Din Salama ibn Baybars, recognized as Al-Adil.
• Sayf al-Din Qalawun, known as Al-Mansur.
• Salah al-Din Khalil ibn Qalawun, referred to as Al-Ashraf.
• Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun, called Al-Nasir.
• Zayn al-Din Kitbugha, known as Al-Adil.
• Husam al-Din Lajin, referred to as Al-Mansur.
• Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun (second time), called Al-Nasir.
• Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Jashankir, known as Al-Muẓaffar.
• Nasir al-Din Muhammad ibn Qalawun (third time), known as Al-Nasir.
• Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, referred to as Al-Mansur.
• Al-Adil Kijak ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, known as Al-Ashraf.
• Shihab al-Din Ahmad ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, referred to as Al-Nasir.
• Imad al-Din Ismail ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, called Al-Salih.
• Sayf al-Din Sha’ban ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, known as Al-Salih.
• Zayn al-Din Hajji ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, called Al-Muẓaffar.
• Nasir al-Din Hasan ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, known as Al-Nasir.
• Salah al-Din Salih ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, referred to as Al-Salih.
• Nasir al-Din Hasan ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun (second time), known as Al-Nasir.
• Salah al-Din Muhammad ibn Sayf al-Din Hajji ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, known as Al-Mansur.
• Nasir al-Din Sha’ban ibn Hussein ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, referred to as Al-Ashraf.
• Al-Adil Ali ibn Sha’ban ibn Hussein ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, known as Al-Mansur.
• Salah al-Din Hajji ibn Sha’ban ibn Hussein ibn Al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun, called Al-Salih.

Circassian Dynasty

The Circassian Mamluks were represented by 26 sultans, including:

• Sayf al-Din Abu Said Barquq, known as Al-Dhaher.
• Hajji ibn Sha’ban.
• Barquq (second time).
• Faraj ibn Barquq.
• Abdul Aziz ibn Barquq.
• Faraj ibn Barquq (second time).
• The Abbasid Caliph al-Musta‘in.
• Mu’ayyid Abu al-Nasr Shaykh.
• Ahmad ibn Shaykh.
• Tatar.
• Muhammad ibn Tatar.
• Al-Ashraf Barsbay.
• Yusuf ibn Barsbay.
• Jaqmaq.
• Osman ibn Jaqmaq.
• Inal.
• Ahmad ibn Inal.
• Khushqadam.
• Balbay al-Mu’idi.
• Tamurbgha.
• Al-Ashraf Qaitbay.
• Muhammad ibn Qaitbay.
• Qansuh al-Khamisati.
• Muhammad ibn Qaitbay (second time).
• Qansuh al-Ashrafi.
• Janbalat.
• Tuman Bay I.
• Qansuh al-Ghuri.
• Tuman Bay II.