Urinary Retention
Urinary retention refers to the inability to expel urine from the body, where urine accumulates in the bladder. When an individual cannot empty their bladder despite the urge to urinate, it may indicate an underlying issue. This article explores the bladder’s functions and the causes of urinary retention.
The Bladder
The bladder is a flexible reservoir located in the lower abdomen that stores urine until it is expelled. Urine consists of waste products such as water and salts that the kidneys filter from the blood. The urine is transported to the bladder via a structure known as the ureter.
The Urination Process
The urination process occurs when a certain amount of fluid fills the bladder. Nerves in the bladder’s wall send signals that prompt the bladder to expand. Concurrently, signals are sent to the sphincter muscle to relax, enabling the expulsion of urine. In cases of urinary retention, the sphincter muscle is ineffective, preventing the urine from being released. This condition can cause discomfort in the lower abdomen and may lead to complications affecting other bodily organs.
Causes of Urinary Retention
- Obstruction of the Urinary Tract: Urinary tract obstruction can result from various external factors, such as prostatitis, which can lead to prostate enlargement. The enlarged prostate can obstruct the urinary passage, particularly affecting older men who are more susceptible to this condition.
- Nerve Dysfunction: Nerves are critical for communication between the brain and the rest of the body. Damage or disease affecting these nerves disrupts the signals sent to the bladder, preventing it from functioning properly.
- Infections: Infections in the pelvic area or spinal cord can place pressure on nerves, impairing bladder control. This can create urinary retention by obstructing the urinary passage.
- Surgery: Urinary retention may occur following surgical procedures, especially those involving anesthesia, and is often seen in surgeries related to the prostate.
- Medications: Certain medications can lead to urinary retention, particularly in individuals with prostatitis.
- Vaginal Infections: Infections occurring in females can cause temporary urinary retention, usually resolving without the need for medical intervention.
- Habitual Urine Retention: Frequently holding in urine for prolonged periods can lead to urine reflux and increase the risk of urinary tract infections.