Prolactin Hormone
Prolactin, often referred to as the milk hormone, is a crucial hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone is present in both men and women, albeit in varying concentrations. Composed of amino acids, prolactin is released into the bloodstream in pulses, depending on the body’s requirements throughout the day.
During pregnancy and after childbirth, the secretion of prolactin from the pituitary gland significantly increases. The normal level of prolactin for men is less than 15 nanograms per milliliter, while for non-pregnant women, it is typically around 20 nanograms per milliliter. For pregnant women, this level can surge to approximately 300 nanograms per milliliter. Deviations above or below these levels can lead to various health concerns.
Significance of Prolactin Hormone
Prolactin possesses numerous benefits for the body, which include:
- Facilitating milk production in mothers during the latter stages of pregnancy and throughout the breastfeeding period.
- Playing a vital role in regulating water and electrolyte balance within the human body.
- Reducing the concentration of estrogen in women and testosterone levels in men.
Causes of Low Prolactin Levels
- Significant loss of appetite.
- Medical conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, which may necessitate certain medications.
- Dysfunction of the pituitary gland, potentially due to tumors or inflammation.
- Head injuries that could damage the gland or cause bleeding in the brain.
Symptoms of Low Prolactin Levels
- Irregular ovulation in women.
- Erectile dysfunction in men.
- Increased appetite or binge eating.
- Premature ejaculation in males.
- An excessive increase in dopamine production, a neurotransmitter that affects various behaviors, including attention span.
- Development of thyroid gland tumors.
- Reduced sperm count in men.
- Feelings of anxiety and restlessness.
Diagnosis of Prolactin Deficiency
The diagnosis of prolactin levels is typically established through a clinical examination conducted by a healthcare professional. Additionally, other hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, may be evaluated, and imaging tests like MRI scans of the pituitary gland could be employed.
Treatment for Low Prolactin Levels
Treatment for low prolactin can involve adjustments to medication or therapy aimed at increasing prolactin levels. Furthermore, managing the treatment plan for conditions such as Parkinson’s disease may also help normalize prolactin levels.