Genetic Factors
Researchers have yet to identify the primary cause of schizophrenia, but it is believed that several factors may elevate the risk of developing this mental disorder. Among these, genetic factors are considered the most influential. The likelihood of developing schizophrenia increases significantly if there is a family history of the condition. Scientists suspect that multiple genes may contribute to the risk of this illness. However, having these genes does not guarantee that an individual will develop schizophrenia. Studies conducted on identical twins have shown that if one twin is diagnosed with the disorder, the risk for the other twin increases, though it does not imply a certainty of developing the condition.
Environmental Factors
Certain environmental influences might contribute to the onset of schizophrenia, including exposure to high levels of stress in life and contracting specific viral infections. Individuals may exhibit psychological symptoms prior to the onset of schizophrenia, such as difficulty concentrating, anxiety, and rapid irritability. Additionally, it is important to note that complications during pregnancy can elevate the risk of a child developing schizophrenia later in life. Factors such as premature birth, low birth weight, and oxygen deprivation during delivery have been linked to an increased risk.
Brain Differences
Some individuals with schizophrenia display variations in brain structure; however, these differences are not universally evident among all patients. The presence of such variations does not necessarily indicate that someone will develop the disorder. Research has also indicated that disruptions in the functioning of certain neurotransmitters in the brain may play a role in the development of schizophrenia.
Certain Medications
While the use of medications does not directly cause schizophrenia, the misuse of certain drugs can potentially trigger symptoms in individuals who are predisposed to the disorder. Substances such as cannabis, amphetamines, and cocaine are known to elevate the risk of schizophrenia in vulnerable populations.