Viral Conjunctivitis
Viral conjunctivitis, commonly referred to as pink eye, is an infection characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, the clear membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelid and covering the white part of the eye. Notably, viral conjunctivitis typically resolves on its own, unless the infection is severe, in which case treatment with medications such as corticosteroids may be necessary. The following viruses are known to cause viral conjunctivitis:
- Adenoviruses, the most prevalent cause.
- Enteroviruses.
- Viruses responsible for the common cold.
- Viruses linked to systemic diseases that may accompany viral conjunctivitis, such as:
- Measles.
- Chickenpox.
- Rubella.
- Mumps.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Bacterial conjunctivitis, also known as bacterial pink eye, ranks among the most common types of conjunctivitis. The infection spreads through contact with infected individuals or through sinus or ear infections. Topical antibiotics are typically employed to treat this condition, with a recovery time ranging from one to two weeks. The most common bacteria associated with bacterial conjunctivitis include:
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Haemophilus influenzae.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae.
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Allergic conjunctivitis arises from an allergic reaction to specific allergens such as pollen, pet dander, trees, dust mites, and cosmetic products. It can be seasonal or perennial, depending on the allergen involved. Individuals with other allergic conditions, such as eczema, hay fever, and asthma, may also experience allergic conjunctivitis.
External Irritants
In this context, conjunctivitis may result from exposure to external irritants or the entry of foreign bodies into the eye, such as smoke, dust, chemicals, or improperly cleaned and worn contact lenses. These lenses may lead to giant papillary conjunctivitis. Symptoms such as redness, discharge, and tearing can occur when attempting to clear the eyes of irritants. It is essential to seek immediate medical attention if symptoms persist after one day of rinsing the eye or if the irritant is a caustic chemical to prevent lasting damage to the eye.
Other Causes
Additional factors that may contribute to conjunctivitis include:
- Fungal infections.
- Amibiasis and parasitic infections.
- Blocked tear ducts in newborns.
- Sexually transmitted infections, particularly Chlamydia and Gonorrhea.