Ahmed Hassan Al-Zayyat
Ahmed Hassan Al-Zayyat is regarded as one of the prominent advocates of cultural revival in Egypt and the Arab world. He was the recipient of numerous literary awards, most notably the Literary Award in 1953 for his book “Wahi Al-Risala,” which compiled his essays and research previously published in his magazine, Al-Risala. Al-Zayyat held several significant positions, including membership in the Arabic Language Academy in Egypt and the Scientific Academy in Damascus. This article aims to introduce you to the life and contributions of Ahmed Hassan Al-Zayyat.
Early Life and Background
Al-Zayyat was born on the 16th of Jumada Al-Thani in the year 1303 AH, in the village of Kafr Damira in the Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. He grew up in a family engaged in agriculture and characterized by a modest socioeconomic status. His educational journey began in the village’s Kuttab (Quranic school), where he demonstrated a strong eagerness to learn. He acquired literacy skills, memorized the Holy Quran, and later continued his studies under a scholar in a neighboring village, mastering the seven readings of the Quran in just one year.
Impact on Arabic Literature
Al-Zayyat is one of the modern-era writers who left a significant mark in the history of Arabic literature. He is distinguished as an exceptional writer in terms of eloquence and style, with a prose characterized by clarity and a unique rhythm. His contemporaries described his style as clearer than that of Al-Rafii, more gracious than Al-Aqqad, and more concise than Taha Hussein. Each of these authors is recognized for their distinctive styles and unique approaches to prose and poetry.
Al-Zayyat’s Stylistic Approach to Writing
In his book “Defense of Rhetoric,” Al-Zayyat advocates for a stylistic approach emphasizing two key points:
- Returning Arabic rhetoric to its original character, focusing on brevity, selective vocabulary, and the strength of expressions, which are qualities evident in the works of Abu Hayyan Al-Tawhidi and Al-Jahiz.
- Enriching modern Arabic thought and literature with foreign writings and intellectual contributions, along with masterpieces of global literature, to keep pace with contemporary civilization through a movement of translation.
Significant Works
Al-Zayyat authored numerous works that played a crucial role in the intellectual renaissance of the Arab world. Some of his notable works include “History of Arabic Literature” and “A Book on the Principles of Literature.” He also translated several significant literary works from French, including the novel “Raphael” by Lamartine and Goethe’s “The Sorrows of Young Werther,” along with selections from French literature.
Themes in Al-Zayyat’s Writing
Al-Zayyat addressed various themes that resonated with many during his time. He wrote on political issues, criticizing the feudal system prevalent in his era, condemned rulers, and opposed sham parliamentary assemblies. He inspired people to resist colonialism and strive for freedom and independence. Additionally, he countered Orientalists who belittled Arab civilization, asserting that Greek civilization was the source of global cultures. His themes are characterized by a deep exploration of Arab identity and national heritage.
Passing of Al-Zayyat
Ahmed Hassan Al-Zayyat passed away in Cairo in 1388 AH / 1968 AD, at the age of 83.