Reasons for Revelation
The Holy Quran can be categorized into two main types based on the reasons for its revelation. The first type consists of verses that were revealed without any specific cause, many of which address moral and legal guidelines, and this is prevalent throughout the Quran. The second type pertains to verses that were revealed in connection with specific events or circumstances. This latter category is the focus of our discussion when exploring the reasons for revelation. In this context, the term “reasons for revelation” refers to all matters related to the circumstances surrounding the descent of Quranic verses, whether they are spatial issues or temporal events that accompanied the Quran’s revelation. This area of study is considered significant, receiving considerable attention from scholars throughout Islamic history, both in the past and present. They have dedicated specific works to this subject.
How to Identify the Reasons for Revelation
Verifiable narration is the sole means of identifying the reasons for revelation. The role of reasoning is limited to scrutiny and discernment in this matter. As expressed by Al-Wahidi, it is not permissible for anyone to speak about the reasons for revelation without citing narrations from those who witnessed and attended the revelations. Therefore, the primary sources for understanding the reasons for revelation are the Companions of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the followers who learned from them.
The Importance of Understanding the Reasons for Revelation
The investigation into the science of reasons for revelation offers numerous benefits, among which are:
- Understanding the divine wisdom behind legislative decrees, such as the gradual development of legislation, easing burdens on people, and removing hardship.
- Specifying rulings in accordance with the circumstances surrounding their revelation, especially for scholars who hold that specific incidents are more significant than general terms.
- Facilitating the memorization of the Quran by connecting verses with their respective reasons for revelation.
- Clarifying ambiguous elements within verses and identifying the individuals involved in their revelation.
- Demonstrating God’s support and protection of His Messenger (peace be upon him), as illustrated in the verses revealed to clear him from the false accusations made by hypocrites and slanderers, and to exonerate his beloved wife.
- Countering any assumptions of exclusivity that might arise from the apparent meaning of a verse, as understanding its reason for revelation can dispel such misconceptions.
- Ensuring a correct understanding of the words of Allah (Exalted and Majestic) and eliminating any potential confusion or misunderstandings regarding certain verses.