Genetic Factors
The risk of developing certain thyroid disorders is significantly heightened by the inheritance of specific genes and a family history of thyroid diseases such as Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. It is important to note that these conditions arise from the immune system’s attack on the thyroid gland, a phenomenon known as autoimmunity.
Iodine Deficiency
Iodine deficiency is a relatively common global health issue, affecting approximately 100 million individuals. This deficiency disrupts the normal functioning of the thyroid gland due to iodine’s critical role in the production of thyroid hormones. Remarkably, the prevalence of iodine deficiency has diminished in many countries owing to the iodization of table salt.
Lifestyle Choices
Engaging in unhealthy lifestyle choices can elevate the likelihood of developing certain thyroid disorders, influenced by various life factors. These include:
- Injury or trauma to the thyroid gland.
- Excessive use of specific medications such as iodine and lithium.
- Psychological stress and pressure.
- Smoking, as tobacco contains substances that can affect iodine absorption and thyroid hormone production, thereby increasing the risk of thyroiditis.
Other Contributing Factors
Several additional causes may lead to thyroid dysfunction, including:
- Thyroiditis resulting from bacterial or viral infections.
- Postpartum thyroiditis.
- Formation of nodules or benign tumors within the thyroid gland.
- Congenital hypothyroidism.
- Development of malignant tumors on the thyroid gland.
- Exposure to specific treatments such as radiation therapy, thyroid surgery, and medications containing high amounts of iodine.
- Pregnancy, in rare cases.