Causes of Bacteremia
The presence of bacteria in the bloodstream can lead to a condition known as bacteremia. Bacteria may enter the bloodstream through everyday activities, such as vigorous teeth brushing, or as a result of digestion when bacteria from the intestines are introduced into the bloodstream—though this occurrence is relatively uncommon. Additionally, bacteria can be introduced during surgical procedures, through various medical interventions, or through infections such as urinary tract infections or pneumonia. Moreover, the use of contaminated needles for administering drugs can also result in bacteremia.
Risk Factors for Bacteremia
Bacteremia, also referred to as septicemia, is a serious condition that indicates the spread of infection from the blood to various parts of the body. While anyone can experience this condition, certain groups are more susceptible to developing septicemia:
- Individuals taking immunosuppressive medications, such as steroids and those prescribed to prevent organ transplant rejection.
- Older adults, particularly those with existing health issues.
- Newborn infants.
- Persons with weakened immune systems, such as those living with HIV/AIDS or cancer.
- People who have recently undergone major surgeries or those recently hospitalized.
- Individuals diagnosed with diabetes.
Symptoms of Bacteremia
The symptoms experienced by an individual with bacteremia can vary depending on the stage of the condition. Below are the symptoms associated with different stages:
- Bacteremia: Symptoms of bacteremia include:
- A fever where the body temperature exceeds 38°C (100.4°F) or falls below 36°C (96.8°F).
- An increased respiratory rate exceeding 20 breaths per minute.
- A heart rate over 90 beats per minute.
- Severe Bacteremia: This stage can arise from organ failure and may present with the following symptoms:
- A decrease in platelet count.
- Respiratory difficulties.
- Loss of consciousness.
- Severe weakness.
- Reduced urine output.
- Presence of varied-colored skin spots.
- Cognitive changes.
- Chills.
- Septic Shock: Characterized by the symptoms of severe bacteremia, along with a significant drop in blood pressure.