Destruction of Marine Life
Polluted ocean waters pose a significant threat to marine ecosystems. Contaminated water accelerates the growth of algae and aquatic plants, which subsequently depletes oxygen levels in the water. A decrease in oxygen can increase carbon dioxide concentrations, leading to the suffocation of marine animals and plants. This phenomenon also contributes to the formation of dead zones, areas devoid of marine life. Additionally, algae can produce neurotoxins that devastate the habitats of whales and sea turtles.
Moreover, ocean acidification, a byproduct of water pollution, results in the death of coral reefs and shellfish. This increased acidity hinders shellfish from forming their shells effectively. It also adversely impacts the nervous systems of various fish species, including clownfish and sharks, affecting the broader marine ecosystem. The marine environment is further threatened by marine debris and waste, such as plastic bags and soda cans, which can suffocate marine creatures, leading to their mortality. Other forms of marine debris, like abandoned fishing gear, injure over 200 different marine species.
Mortality of Marine Organisms
Water pollution is a key driver of rising numbers of dead marine animals. The proliferation of plastic materials, such as bags in the ocean, clogs the respiratory pathways of marine creatures like dolphins, whales, sea turtles, and puffins due to accidental ingestion of plastic items or bottle caps.
Additionally, heavy metals dumped into the ocean, such as iron, can negatively impact the respiratory functions of fish. Iron contributes to the closure of fish gills, often leading to their death. Mercury and chemicals from industrial wastewater are toxic substances that adversely affect marine life, limiting the lifespan and reproductive capabilities of these organisms. It is also essential to note that consuming contaminated fish can lead to serious health issues in humans, including liver cirrhosis and kidney failure.
Disruption of the Food Chain
Polluted waters disrupt the entire food chain within the seas and oceans. The dangers associated with water contamination propagate through a series of living organisms. Small fish consume toxic chemicals and, in turn, serve as prey for larger fish. Upon ingestion, these toxins transfer to the larger predators. This cycle continues as birds, other animals, and ultimately humans consume large fish, carrying those harmful toxins and chemicals into their bodies.