Pillars of Marriage Contract in Islam
The Islamic marriage contract comprises three fundamental pillars, which are outlined as follows:
- Presence of two individuals capable of marrying, ensuring that the woman is not someone the man is prohibited from marrying due to reasons such as blood relations—like a sister or aunt—or prohibition through suckling relationships, or if she is in a waiting period following a divorce.
- The initiation of the marriage proposal by the guardian of the woman. This proposal is a formal statement made by him or his representative, stating, “I have married you to my daughter (name),” or something similar, referred to as the ‘offer’ since it establishes the basis for the marriage contract.
- Acceptance from the groom or his representative, who would state their agreement such as “I accept this marriage” or similar expressions.
Conditions for Validity of Marriage in Islam
For a marriage contract to be considered valid according to Islamic law, certain conditions must be met, which include:
- Identifying each of the spouses through description, naming, or other methods.
- The mutual consent of both spouses to the marriage.
- The marriage contract must be overseen by the woman’s guardian, as emphasized in the Quran, where God addresses guardians about the responsibility of marriage.
- Witnesses must be present during the marriage contract, and its announcement is crucial, emphasizing the importance of public acknowledgment as encouraged by the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).
Etiquette and Sunnahs of Marriage in Islam
It is highly recommended for the couple to observe the etiquettes and Sunnahs associated with marriage during their union. Here are several key practices:
- The groom should have noble intentions for his marriage, primarily aiming for chastity and avoiding forbidden actions.
- Both spouses are encouraged to adorn themselves and take care of their appearance for each other.
- The husband should treat his wife with kindness and compassion, especially at the time of consummation.
- It is recommended for the couple to pray two units of prayer together on their wedding night.
- Sharing the intimate details of their relationship with others is considered prohibited.
- It is also recommended for them to perform ablution between intimate encounters, with the preference for a full bath.
- Lastly, bathing together is encouraged as a Sunnah.