Children of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had both sons and daughters. He had three sons, namely:
Qasim
Qasim was the first son of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the first child born to him. His mother was Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (may Allah be pleased with her). He was born in Mecca shortly before the Prophet’s mission began. Although Qasim witnessed the early days of the Prophet’s prophethood, he died at a young age. Reports indicate that he was learning to crawl and ride a mount when he passed away.
Abdullah
Abdullah, the second son of the Prophet (peace be upon him) from Khadijah (may Allah be pleased with her), was born after the start of the Prophet’s mission in Mecca. Sadly, like his brother Qasim, Abdullah also died in childhood. The Prophet affectionately called him “Al-Tayyib” and “Al-Tahir.” Following Abdullah’s death, the disbelievers mocked the Prophet, claiming that his lineage had come to an end. This led to the revelation of Surah Al-Kawthar, addressing their false assertions.
Ibrahim
Ibrahim was born to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in Medina after the Hijrah, during the month of Dhul-Hijjah in the eighth year of the Hijrah. His mother was Maria the Copt, a maid sent as a gift to the Prophet by the King of Egypt. The Prophet was overjoyed at Ibrahim’s birth, rewarding those who brought him the news with a servant. Ibrahim lived for a year and a half before passing away in Medina. His death brought great sorrow to the Prophet (peace be upon him), who wept and expressed his grief with the words: “The eye sheds tears, and the heart is grieved, and we do not say except what pleases our Lord. Indeed, we are grieved by your departure, O Ibrahim.”
Daughters of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him)
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had four daughters, all from Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (may Allah be pleased with her). They are:
Zainab
Zainab was born after Qasim and is considered the eldest daughter of the Prophet (peace be upon him). She was also born in Mecca. The Prophet married her to her cousin, Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi (may Allah be pleased with him), who was the son of Khadijah’s sister. Zainab embraced Islam and migrated with her father to Medina and passed away during her father’s lifetime in the eighth year of the Hijrah.
Ruqqayah
Ruqqayah was born when the Prophet (peace be upon him) was thirty-three years old. Like her siblings, she was born in Mecca. Ruqqayah married the esteemed companion Uthman ibn Affan (may Allah be pleased with him). She and her husband were among the companions who migrated to Abyssinia. Ruqqayah gave birth to a son named Abdullah, after whom Uthman was known. Unfortunately, she fell seriously ill during the second year of Hijrah, coinciding with the Battle of Badr, and subsequently passed away due to this illness.
Um Kulthum
Um Kulthum is another daughter of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and her real name was Amīyah. The Prophet married her to Uthman ibn Affan after her sister Ruqqayah’s passing. She also died during her father’s lifetime, in the ninth year of the Hijrah, and was washed by Umm ‘Atiyyah Al-Ansariyah.
Fatimah
Fatimah was the youngest daughter of the Prophet (peace be upon him) and the one he loved the most. She was known as Al-Zahra and married Ali ibn Abi Talib (may Allah honor his face) in the second year of Hijrah. Together, they had several children, including Hassan, Hussein, Muhsin, Zainab, and Um Kulthum. Fatimah passed away six months after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) in the month of Jumada al-Awwal in the eleventh year of the Hijrah.
In summary, the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) had three sons, Qasim and Abdullah with Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, and Ibrahim with Maria the Copt, all of whom died in their early years. He also had four daughters: Zainab, Ruqqayah, Um Kulthum, and Fatimah, all daughters of Khadijah (may Allah be pleased with her). They all embraced Islam and migrated with the Prophet to Medina. All except Fatimah passed away during their father’s lifetime; Fatimah lived for six months after the Prophet’s passing before following him in death.