Causes of Recurrent Oral Fungal Infections
Candida, a type of fungus, exists in small amounts throughout various parts of the body, including the mouth. The growth of this fungus is typically regulated by the body’s beneficial bacteria. However, when the bacterial balance within the oral cavity is disrupted, it can lead to uncontrolled growth of Candida, resulting in oral fungal infections. Several factors can increase the risk of developing this condition, which are outlined below:
Diabetes
The likelihood of experiencing oral fungal infections is significantly higher in individuals with uncontrolled diabetes. This is attributed to the immune system being compromised by diabetes, along with the possibility that elevated sugar levels in saliva may provide nourishment for the fungi, facilitating their growth in the mouth.
Weakened Immune System
A weakened immune system can result from various factors, including the use of immunosuppressive medications, organ transplants, cancers, and infections such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Notably, cancer treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, can diminish the number of beneficial microorganisms that normally protect against infections. Additionally, these treatments can harm healthy cells, further increasing the likelihood of oral fungal infections. It is important to note that imbalances in the microbial environment are not exclusive to cancer treatments but can also result from certain medications such as prednisone, inhaled corticosteroids, and antibiotics.
Vaginal Yeast Infections
Vaginal yeast infections are caused by the same organisms responsible for oral fungal infections and can be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth.
Other Oral Conditions
Wearing dentures, particularly upper dentures, coupled with factors leading to dry mouth can elevate the risk of oral fungal infections.
Unhealthy Practices
Several practices may contribute to an increased risk of oral fungal infections. The following are noteworthy:
- Unhealthy diet: Specifically, a diet lacking in iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid can lead to nutritional deficiencies that predispose individuals to oral fungal infections.
- Other practices: Overusing antibacterial mouthwashes and smoking can also heighten the risk.