The Concept of Islands
An island is defined as a landmass completely surrounded by water, and a collection of islands is known as an archipelago. Islands can typically be found in seas, oceans, and rivers, and they are categorized into continental or oceanic islands. Continental islands are those that are located near the shores of continents, where a portion rises above sea level, isolating it from the mainland. This separation is usually caused by erosion processes. Continental islands share characteristics with the nearby continent, including similar flora, fauna, and geological features.
On the other hand, oceanic islands are situated far from any landmass and are formed due to geological forces that elevate portions of the ocean floor above sea level. These islands can also be volcanic, arising from lava flows from underwater volcanoes; one notable example is Hawaii, where the island rises approximately 9,700 meters, or about 32,000 feet, above sea level.
In essence, the formation of islands can be attributed to either internal or external factors. They can arise through sediment deposition occurring on ocean floors, leading to the accumulation of sediments at coastlines, and resulting in what are known as low-lying salt islands. Additionally, the sustained growth of coral reefs over long geological periods can also elevate islands above the ocean’s surface.
Beautiful Islands Around the World
Islands vary significantly in their landscapes and ecological settings. Some are entirely surrounded by water and feature sparkling sandy beaches that evoke a sense of tranquility, while others are lush with dense forests and jungles. Nevertheless, most islands share a common quality of serenity, making them perfect destinations for unique vacations that offer relaxation and respite. Below is a list of some of the most beautiful islands in the world:
- Maldives: Comprising around 1,000 small islands, the Maldives are located in the Indian Ocean, approximately 600 kilometers south of India. Remarkably, 80% of these islands remain uninhabited, and many are so small that they can barely accommodate a village. The Maldives is an independent country with its capital on Malé Island. It is one of the smallest countries in the world, covering an area of 300 square kilometers, with the highest point reaching just 24 meters above sea level. Its picturesque beaches attract visitors globally, featuring vibrant fish and spectacular coral reefs.
- Bora Bora: Situated in French Polynesia in the South Pacific, Bora Bora is renowned for its stunning volcanic landscape and tropical charm. Visitors can walk along designated trails and enjoy diving in surrounding coral reefs that teem with colorful fish, turtles, and even sharks.
- Palawan: This island and province in the Philippines is located southwest of Borneo and is famous for its dazzling white sandy beaches and abundance of palm trees. The island boasts remarkable biodiversity, with various fish species and coral reefs for diving enthusiasts to explore, alongside rich wildlife and fishing villages. Puerto Princesa National Park, famed for its limestone cave system running alongside a long river, is a highlight for visitors.
- Seychelles: An archipelago located east of Kenya, Seychelles comprises approximately 115 granite and coral islands. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site due to its captivating forests and vibrant coral reefs, as well as volcanic beaches lined with palm trees and giant rocks. The islands and their tropical reserves account for nearly half of its total area, making Seychelles a popular destination for fishermen and divers alike.
- Santorini: Known for its breathtaking architecture, Santorini is located in Greece and features white buildings perched on volcanic cliffs, complemented by iconic blue domes. The most attractive settlements include Fira and Oia, with Oia being one of the most photographed locations in the world. The island is home to ancient archaeological sites, such as Thera, and offers the unique experience of a black-sand beach at Perissa.
- Cook Islands: This group of islands in the South Pacific consists of about 15 islands situated between French Polynesia and Samoa, with historical ties to New Zealand. The Cook Islands are renowned for their beautiful beaches surrounded by palm trees and volcanic peaks. Rarotonga is the primary tourist hub, featuring luxurious resorts and scenic landscapes.
- Bali: Located in Indonesia, Bali is a captivating island known for its warm tropical climate, Hindu temples, and lush green rice fields. Visitors can enjoy markets, hot springs, and water sports such as surfing and swimming, as well as exploring nearby Lombok Island.
- Dalmatia: Found in the Adriatic Sea beside Croatia, Dalmatia consists of enchanting islands with unique villages filled with charming hotels and restaurants. Brac Island is famous for its Golden Horn Beach, while Hvar Island features Gothic churches and a car-free old town, alongside a fishing port and Korcula Island, recognized for its white buildings with red roofs and two internal saltwater lakes.
- Fiji: Known for its friendly locals, Fiji is an idyllic tropical island characterized by its white sandy beaches peppered with palm trees and diverse coral reefs. Visitors can partake in fishing, diving, and surfing, as well as enjoy vibrant festivals featuring celebrity performances and luxurious resorts, making it an excellent destination for families seeking relaxation.
- Kauai: Often referred to as the “Garden Isle,” Kauai is abundant with lush rainforests and cascading waterfalls. Its beauty is accentuated not only by the diverse plant life but also by stunning beaches home to various fish and turtles, allowing for excellent diving experiences. Renowned for its tranquility, Kauai offers visitors a perfect spot for ultimate relaxation.
Largest Islands in the World
The following table highlights the ten largest islands in the world along with their respective locations:
| Island | Location | Area (km²) |
|---|---|---|
| Greenland | North Atlantic Ocean | 2,130,800 |
| New Guinea | Indonesia | 800,000 |
| Borneo | Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei | 734,000 |
| Madagascar | Indian Ocean | 587,041 |
| Baffin | Northwest Territories, Canada | 507,451 |
| Sumatra | Indonesia | 434,000 |
| Honshu | Japan | 227,414 |
| Victoria | Northwest Territories, Canada | 217,291 |
| Great Britain | United Kingdom | 216,777 |
| Ellsmere | Northwest Territories, Canada | 196,236 |