Symptoms of Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Pallor and Jaundice
Vitamin B12 plays a vital role in the production of DNA necessary for the creation of red blood cells. A deficiency in this vitamin hampers the body’s ability to divide cells, leading to a specific type of anemia known as Megaloblastic Anemia. In this condition, the red blood cells produced by the bone marrow become enlarged and fragile, preventing their smooth transition from the marrow into the bloodstream. Consequently, the overall count of red blood cells diminishes, resulting in a noticeably pale complexion. The yellowing of the skin can be attributed to the fragility of these cells, which leads to their breakdown in the liver, producing elevated levels of bilirubin. This compound imparts a yellow tint to the skin and eyes, resulting in pallor or a slight yellow hue in individuals suffering from Vitamin B12 deficiency, a condition medically referred to as Jaundice.
Numbness
A deficiency in Vitamin B12 can result in sensations of numbness in the hands, feet, and legs, often described as a tingling or prickling feeling akin to pins and needles. This occurs due to damage to the protective sheath surrounding the nerves, composed mainly of a substance called myelin, which is crucial for proper nerve function. Vitamin B12 is integral to the production of myelin; therefore, its deficiency can disrupt the synthesis of this vital component, adversely affecting nervous system performance.
Glossitis
The impact of Vitamin B12 deficiency on the digestive system may manifest as inflammation of the tongue, medically termed Glossitis, which may occur with or without jaundice.
Psychological Symptoms
A lack of Vitamin B12 may lead to various psychological symptoms, including memory loss, irritability, personality changes, depression, and even dementia.
Altered Mobility
This issue predominantly affects the elderly, particularly those over the age of 60. However, younger individuals may also encounter this problem if they experience severe and untreated Vitamin B12 deficiency. Nerve damage resulting from this deficiency can lead to alterations in gait and mobility patterns, thereby affecting balance and coordination. Consequently, individuals may become more prone to falls.
Increased Sensitivity to Cold
Individuals with Vitamin B12 deficiency often report a heightened sensitivity to cold, chiefly in their hands and feet. This occurs as a result of a reduced number of healthy red blood cells required for efficient oxygen transport throughout the body, leading to anemia.