Examples from the Holy Quran on the Object with Diacritics
Below are diacritical examples from the Holy Quran regarding the object (maf’ool bih), which we have emphasized:
- {وَإِذِ ابْتَلَىٰ إِبْرَاهِيمَ رَبُّهُ بِكَلِمَاتٍ فَأَتَمَّهُنَّ}.
إبراهيمَ: This serves as the object, marked with a fatha at the end indicating it is in the accusative case.
- {فَقَدْ خَانُوا اللهَ مِن قَبْلُ فَأَمْكَنَ مِنْهُمْ ۗ وَاللهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ}.
الله: The name of God functions as the object in the accusative case, indicated by the fatha visible at the end.
- {وَوَجَدَكَ ضَالًّا فَهَدَىٰ}.
- وجدكَ: The pronoun “كَ” is a connected pronoun, marked with a fatha indicating it is the first object in the accusative case.
- ضالًّا: Serves as the second object also in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
- {يَوْمَ لَا يَنفَعُ الظَّالِمِينَ مَعْذِرَتُهُمْ ۖ وَلَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ}.
الظالمين: This is the object in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
- {وَجَعَلَ الْقَمَرَ فِيهِنَّ نُورًا وَجَعَلَ الشَّمْسَ سِرَاجًا}.
- القمر: Functions as the first object in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
- نورًا: This is the second object, also in the accusative case, indicated by the fatha at the end.
- {اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ}.
الصراط: Considered an object in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
- {وَاتَّخَذَ اللهُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ خَلِيلًا}.
- إبراهيم: This is the first object in the accusative case, marked with a fatha visible at the end.
- خليلا: Functions as the second object in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
- علمتموهنّ: The “هن” is a connected pronoun, indicating it as the first object in the accusative case.
- مؤمنات: This serves as the second object, also in the accusative case, marked by a kasra in place of a fatha due to it being a feminine plural.
- {إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ}.
إيّاك: This is a separable pronoun that is marked in the accusative case with a fatha at the end.
Examples from Arabic Poetry on the Object
The following are examples from Arabic poetry highlighting the object with diacritics:
- يقول أحمد شوقي: بكَ يسَّر اللهُ السّماءَ فَزُيِّنتْ ** وتصوّغتْ مسكًا بكَ الغبراءُ
السّماءَ: This operates as the object in the accusative case, indicated by the fatha at the end.
- يقول أبو القاسم الشابي: إذا الشّعبُ يومًا أرادَ الحياةَ ** فلا بُدّ أن يستجيب القدرْ
الحياة: Serves as the object in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
- يقول أحمد شوقي: إذا ملكْتَ النفسَ قمتَ ببرّها ** ولو أنّ ما ملكت يداكَ الشاءُ
النفسَ: Functions as the object in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
- يقول علي بن الجهم: عيونُ المها بين الرصافةِ والجسر ** جلبْنَ الهوى من حيثُ أدري ولا أدري
الهوى: An object in the accusative case, marked with a concealed fatha over the ألف due to difficulty in pronunciation.
- يقول ابن سهل الأندلسي: اللهُ أكبرُ قدْ رأيتُ بكَ الذي ** يلقاهُ كُلُّ مُكبِّرٍ إن كبَّرا
- الذي: A relative pronoun, functioning as the object in the accusative case.
- يلقاه: “الهاء” is a connected pronoun serving as the object in the accusative case.
- علمتك: “الكاف” is a connected pronoun, functioning as the first object in the accusative case.
- منانًا: Serves as the second object, also in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
- يقول عبد الغني النابلسي: إيّاك تشهد غيره ودّع العنا ** لا أنت في هذا الوجود ولا أنا
إيّاكَ: A separable pronoun marked with a fatha, functioning as the emphasized object in the accusative case.
- يقول زهير بن أبي سلمى: فقلتُ: (تعلّم) أنّ للصيدِ عِرةً ** وإلّا تضيّعها فإنّك قاتله
- (تعلّم): A quoted sentence functioning in the accusative case as an object.
- أنّ للصيد: This verbal clause acts as the second object of “تعلّم”.
- قيسًا: This is the first object in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
- خيرَ: Serves as the second object, also in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
Useful Sentences Featuring the Object
Presented below are constructive sentences accompanied by a breakdown of the object:
- كتب الطالبُ الدّرسَ.
الدرس: This acts as the object in the accusative case, marked with a fatha at the end.
- نظّف التلاميذُ الصفَّ.
الصفَّ: Functions as the object in the accusative case, indicated by a fatha at the end.
- إيّاكُم نحترمُ أيّها الآباء.
إيّاكُم: A separate pronoun marked in the accusative case, functioning as the emphasized object.
The object (muf’ool bih) is an accusative noun mentioned in a sentence to indicate the recipient of the verb’s action. It can take various forms: as a singular noun, as a connected pronoun, as a separable pronoun, or as a clause following transitive verbs or speech.